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Phase transitions--changes between different states of organization in a complex system--have long helped to explain physics concepts, such as why water freezes into a solid or boils to become a gas. How might phase transitions shed light on important problems in biological and ecological complex systems? Exploring the origins and implications of sudden changes in nature and society, Phase Transitions examines different dynamical behaviors in a broad range of complex systems. Using a compelling set of examples, from gene networks and ant colonies to human language and the degradation of diverse ecosystems, the book illustrates the power of simple models to reveal how phase transitions occur. Introductory chapters provide the critical concepts and the simplest mathematical techniques required to study phase transitions. In a series of example-driven chapters, Ricard Solé shows how such concepts and techniques can be applied to the analysis and prediction of complex system behavior, including the origins of life, viral replication, epidemics, language evolution, and the emergence and breakdown of societies. Written at an undergraduate mathematical level, this book provides the essential theoretical tools and foundations required to develop basic models to explain collective phase transitions for a wide variety of ecosystems.
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Volume 39 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry about Transformation Processes in Minerals summarises the current state of the art. The selection of transformation processes covered here is by no means comprehensive, but represents a coherent view of some of the most important processes which occur specifically in minerals. Contents:Rigid unit modes in framework structuresStrain and elasticity at structural phase transitions in mineralsMesoscopic twin patterns in ferroelastic and co-elastic mineralsHigh-pressure structural phase transitionsOrder-disorder phase transitionsPhase transformations induced by solid solutionMagnetic transitions in mineralsNMR spectroscopy of phase transitions in mineralsInsights into phase transformations from Mössbauer spectroscopyHard mode spectroscopy of phase transitionsSynchrotron studies of phase transformationsRadiation-induced amorphization
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Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Bibliography
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Diffusion-controlled processes still remain the most important and interesting phenomena in materials science. Among the problems which are currently to the fore, are the synergy of diffusion and morphological evolution, the initial stages of solid-state reactions, the analysis of nano- materials and related phenomena, thermo- and electromigration, and the reliability of solder joints and interconnects in microelectronic devices. A number of challenging problems still remain within the ""classical"" areas of nucleation, reactive- and inter-diffusion, phase growth in multicomponent and binary s
Alloys --- Diffusion --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics)
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